Definition
A centrifugal pump uses a spinning impeller to add kinetic energy to the liquid entering it, then converts that kinetic energy into pressure as the liquid is thrown outward and exits through the pump's volute or diffuser. It is one of the two main pump design principles, well suited to continuous, high-flow applications but sensitive to cavitation if inlet conditions are inadequate.
Key facts
- Converts kinetic energy (from the spinning impeller) into pressure, distinct from a positive displacement pump's direct volume displacement.
- Well suited to continuous flow at relatively constant pressure, common in general fluid transport applications.
- Flow rate varies with system pressure (following a characteristic pump curve), unlike a positive displacement pump's more constant flow regardless of pressure.
- Particularly sensitive to cavitation if the inlet does not maintain sufficient pressure above the liquid's vapor pressure.
How does Centrifugal pump work or appear?
A centrifugal pump works by spinning an impeller that flings the entering liquid outward using centrifugal force, imparting kinetic energy that the pump's casing (volute or diffuser) then converts into pressure as the liquid slows and exits, producing continuous flow proportional to impeller speed and system resistance.
What should technicians inspect for Centrifugal pump?
A centrifugal pump's output flow varies with system back-pressure, following a characteristic performance curve, and it converts kinetic energy into pressure via impeller motion. A positive displacement pump instead traps a fixed volume of liquid per cycle and forces it through, producing flow largely independent of system pressure: the two principles suit different application needs.
FAQ
Frequently asked questions
What conveying principle does a centrifugal pump use?
It uses a spinning impeller to add kinetic energy to the liquid, converting that energy into pressure as the liquid exits: a design well suited to continuous, high-flow applications but sensitive to cavitation.
Last reviewed: